Visible stable-point out lasers dependant on laser crystals are compact and light-weight. Lasers from deep purple to blue have already been described. Specially, there have been lots of stories on Pr3+ doped laser crystals, and continuous wave lasers all over 490 nm are accomplished. Ti∶sapphire is the most crucial get crystal for ultrafast lasers. Superintense ultrafast lasers with peak electric power starting from many hundred terawatts to ten petawatts require significant-high-quality and enormous-sized Ti∶sapphire crystal. The origin of defect associated optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire and The expansion of huge-sized substantial-top quality crystals are two significant difficulties that urgently must be dealt with. In recent times, we analyzed the mechanism of defect related optical absorption in Ti∶sapphire theoretically, and grew substantial-sized higher-high-quality crystals as a result of heat exchange approach. The principle activating ions for one μm laser crystals are Nd3+ and Yb3+. Nd∶YAG could be the most generally made use of laser crystal. Recently, we explored numerous new Nd3+ doped fluoride and oxide laser crystals, and solved the emission cross section problem of Nd∶Lu3Al5O12. SIOM described a fresh form of laser crystal Yb∶GdScO3, of which the gain bandwidth is about 85 nm. The usually made use of activation ions for 2 μm laser crystals are Tm3+ and Ho3+. Tm3+ is usually instantly pumped by laser diode. Ho3+ has greater stimulated emission cross segment, and its emission wavelength click here is lengthier than 2 μm. We examined The expansion, spectroscopy, and laser overall performance of Tm∶LiYF4, Tm∶LiLuF4, Ho∶LiYF4, Tm,Ho∶LiYF4, and Tm,Ho∶LiLuF4 crystals.

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激光晶体中活性离子的作用是什么？ 活性离子在激光晶体中负责通过受激发射产生激光光线。

作为工业上使用较多的都是高掺钇铝石榴石，也就是说掺入不同的元素来达到不同的效果；作为工业激光，关注以下性能：

激光晶体由发光中心和基质晶体两部分组成。大部分激光晶体的发光中心由激活离子构成，激活离子部分取代基质晶体中的阳离子形成掺杂型激光晶体。激活离子成为基质晶体组分的一部分时，则构成自激活激光晶体。

激光晶体的损伤阈值与其能承受的最大光强有关，而不会遭受物理或结构损伤。高损伤阈值对于确保高功率激光应用的耐久性和长寿命至关重要。

The utmost probable doping concentration can depend strongly about the host product and its fabrication process.

The host crystal is way more than just a method to fix the laser-Lively ions at specified positions in Area. A number of Houses of the host content are very important:

激光晶体的核心由固态晶体材料组成，通常掺杂了某些能够通过受激发射产生光放大的离子。这些离子的性质对激光晶体的性能起决定作用。

Those surfaces which are handed through the laser beam are Usually possibly oriented at Brewster's angle or have an anti-reflection coating.

材料 激光晶体 晶体生长 光学性能 稀土离子 过渡族离子 materials laser crystal crystal expansion optical overall performance scarce earth ions changeover group ions 

For various factors, composite crystals have gotten preferred. These have a spatially varying chemical composition and might be designed with Distinctive shapes.

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人造红宝石激光晶体是首次实现激光输出的材料。可用焰熔法、提拉法或助熔剂法生产单晶。用提拉法容易获得大尺寸优质晶体。